Hijab
For the municipal company of Gothenburg, Sweden, see Hijab.
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Women wearing hijab
Most often, the hijab is worn by Muslim women as a symbol of modesty and privacy. According to the Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World, modesty in the Quran concerns both men's and women's "gaze, gait, garments, and genitalia."[6] The Quran admonishes Muslim women to dress modestly and cover their breasts and genitals.[7] Most Islamic legal systems define this type of modest dressing as covering everything except the face and hands in public.[5][8] These guidelines (for covering of the entire body except for the hands, the feet and the face) are found in texts of fiqh and hadith developed after the revelation of the Quran but, according to some, are derived from the hijab ayahs in Quran.[6] The Quran mandates Hijab for both men and women, the word "hijab" does not mean headscarf, but cover. The Quran states "tell the believing men to lower their gaze (in the presence of women), this is better for them", and for women "tell the believing women to put their khumur over their bosoms". The word "khumur" is often omitted when the quote is referenced, and the word is the actual word used in the Quran, which, by all Arabic translations means "a veil worn by a women to cover her head", and the second part of the verse, "over their bosoms" indicates women should cover their breasts in the presence of men who are not their immediate relatives.[9]
The term hijab in Arabic literally means "a screen or curtain" and is used in the Quran to refer to a partition. The Quran tells the male believers (Muslims) to talk to the wives of Muhammad behind a curtain. This curtain was the responsibility of the men and not the wives of Muhammad. This leads some to claim that the mandate of the Quran to wear hijab applies to the wives of Muhammad, not women generally.[10][11] Αlthough hijab is often seen by Westerners as a tool utilized by men to control and silence women, the practice is understood differently in different contexts.[12] Conservative Muslims assert that applying the concept of Gheerah (protective jealousy) and enforcing the wearing of the hijab preserves a Muslim man's honor and helps to fulfill his requirement to be the protector of his womanfolk.[13][14]
Contents
In Islamic texts
Quran
The Quran instructs both Muslim men and women to dress in a modest way. Hijab verses are commandment of Allah to Muslim men and women about observing the Hijab in the Islamic and non-Islamic societies.[15][16] There are two Surah in the Quran about Hijab which includes an-Nur (chapter 24) and al-Ahzab (chapter 33).[17][18]An-Nur Surah
In the an-Nur Surah, there are two verses (verses of 30 and 31) about observance of Hijab of the eyes. Allah commands to believing men that do not sensual look at non-Mahram women and to cast their glances downwards.[15]The thirtieth verse says: "Say to the believing men that: they should cast down their glances and guard their private parts (by being chaste). This is better for them. (Quran 24:30)The clearest verse on the requirement of the hijab is surah 24:30–31, asking women to draw their veil over their bosoms.[20][21]
And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their veil over their breasts and not display their beauty except to their husband, their fathers, their husband's fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their brothers or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their (Muslim) women, or the slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. (Quran 24:31)Allah commands to believing women about observance of Hijab by their eyes and also cover their hair and neck from non-Mahram men. In the verse, Khumur word referred to headscarf which women covers their head, neck, and bosoms from non-Mahram persons. Also, the verse mentioned a list of men who are mahram and Khumur is not required such as: husbands, father, father-in-law, and son. According to these verses is better that Muslim men and women look down when talking to the opposite sex. In addition to the Quran, the matter mentioned in the Biblical teaching. Also, the women must cover their head and bosoms.[15]
Al-Ahzab Surah
In the al-Ahzab Surah, Allah commands to Muhammad’s wives, daughters, and believing women that wear clothes and conceal them from non-mahram people.[15][17][21]O Prophet! Say to your wives, your daughters, and the women of the believers that: they should let down upon themselves their Jalabib...(Quran 33:58–59)Jilabib is the same as Khumur in an-Nur surah. Jilbab is a long and wide headscarf that is wider that scarf and shorter that robe. The verse referred to characteristic of Islamic dress for woman and known as Chador. Chador is a suitable cloth because it is long and loose and cover woman’s body.[15][16]
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